Exploring Perspectives: Science, Religion, and Society in Malaysia and Singapore
The intersection of science and religion has long been a topic of debate and discussion, with varying perspectives and beliefs across different religious groups. Recent research conducted by Pew Research Center in Malaysia and Singapore shed light on the diverse views held by Muslims, Hindus, and Buddhists on the relationship between science and religion.
Muslim interviewees generally expressed the view that Islam and science are compatible, although some areas of tension were acknowledged, such as the theory of evolution conflicting with religious beliefs about human origins. Hindus, on the other hand, described science and religion as overlapping spheres, with many pointing out ancient insights in Hinduism that align with modern scientific discoveries. Buddhists, in contrast, viewed science and religion as separate and unrelated domains, with little conflict between the two.
When it came to specific biotechnology research areas like gene editing, cloning, and assisted reproductive technologies, concerns were raised across all three religious groups about research that interferes with nature or causes harm to animals. Muslims, in particular, expressed reservations about gene editing and cloning, citing concerns about “playing God.” Hindus and Buddhists also emphasized the importance of ethical considerations in scientific research.
Despite these differences in perspectives on specific scientific advancements, interviewees from all religious backgrounds overwhelmingly supported government investment in scientific research, seeing it as a way to promote economic development and improve the lives of people. The potential for national prestige and advancements in medicine were highlighted as key benefits of such investments.
Overall, the study highlighted the nuanced and diverse perspectives on the intersection of science and religion among Muslims, Hindus, and Buddhists in Malaysia and Singapore. While there were areas of agreement and disagreement, the importance of ethical considerations and the potential benefits of scientific research were common themes across all religious groups.